Geometrical Optics

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20.309: Biological Instrumentation and Measurement

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Concept review

Wave theory of light

Light rays

Manta rays

Manta ray.Image by Daniel Mietchen.

Reflection and refraction

Illustration of Snell's law.

Ideal, thin lenses

Refraction at spherical interfaces

Spherical lenses

Paraxial (small angle) and thin lens approximations

Lens makers' formula

Ray tracing with ideal, thinlenses

Ray tracing rules

Example: relay lens

Example: compound microscope

Example: magnifying glass

Example: beam expander

Images